Research Bibliography

The citations listed below from the medical and scientific literture on MammaCare are representative but not exhaustive. Viewers and colleagues are asked to supply additional references.

Adams, C. K., Hall, D. C., Pennypacker, H. S., Goldstein, M. K., Hench, L. L., Madden, M. C., Stein, G. H., & Catania, A. C. (1976). Lump detection in simulated human breasts. Perception and Psychophysics, 20, 163-176.

Artmann, A., Heyne, M., Kiechle, M., & Harbeck, N. (2006, June 20 Suppl.). Breast self-examination training and counseling as motivation strategies for breast awareness and participation in breast cancer screening programs (ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, Part 1). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 24(18S), 1027.

Atkins, E., Solomon, L. J., Worden, J. K., & Foster, R. (1991). Relative effectiveness of methods of breast self-examination. Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 357-367. 

Barton, M. B., Harris, R., & Fletcher, S. W. (1999). Does this patient have breast cancer? The screening clinical breast examination: Should it be done? How? Journal of the American Medical Association, 282(13), 1270-1280. 

Bloom, H. S., Criswell, E. L., Pennypacker, H. S., Catania, A. C., & Adams, C. K. (1982). Major stimulus dimensions determining detection of simulated breast lesions. Perception and Psychophysics, 32(3), 251-260.

Campbell, H. S., Fletcher, S. W., Lin, S., Pilgrim, C. A., & Morgan, T. M. (1991). Improving physicians' and nurses' clinical breast examination: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 7, 1-18. 

Campbell, H. S., McBean, M., Mandin, H., & Bryant, H. (1994). Teaching medical students how to perform a clinical breast examination. Academic Medicine, 69(12), 993-995. 

Coleman, E. A., Lord, J. E., Bowie, M., & Worley, M. J. (1993). A statewide breast cancer screening project. Cancer Nursing, 16(5), 347-353. 

Coleman, E. A., & Pennypacker, H. S. (1991). Measuring breast self-examination proficiency. Cancer Nursing, 14(4), 211-217.  

Coleman, E. A., & Pennypacker, H. S. (1991). Nursing research to define outcomes of care: Evaluating breast self-examination performance. Journal of Nursing Quality Assurance, 5(3), 65-69.  

Coleman, E. A., Riley, M. B., Fields, F., & Prior, B. (1991). Efficacy of breast self-examination teaching methods among older women. Oncology Nursing Forum, 18(3), 561-566. 

Duer, J. D. (1984). Group dissemination of group breast self-examination training technology. Patient Education Counseling, 7(6), 98-116.

Fletcher, S. W., O'Malley, M. S., & Bunce, L. A. (1985). Physicians' abilities to detect lumps in silicone breast models. Journal of the American Medical Association, 253, 2224-2228.

Fletcher, S. W., O'Malley, M. S., Earp, J. L., Morgan, T. M., Lin, S., & Degnan, D. (1990). How best to teach women breast self-examination. Annals of Internal Medicine, 112(10), 772-779. 

Fletcher, S. W., O'Malley, M. S., Pilgrim, C. A., & Gonzalez, J. J. (1989). How do women compare with internal medicine residents in breast lump detection? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 4, 277-283.  

Goldstein, M. K., Stein, G. H., & Pennypacker, H. S. (1982). Efficient technology of training breast self-examination. Technical Bulletin, World Health Organization, England.  

Goldstein, M. K., Stein, G. H., & Pennypacker, H. S. (1982). On subordination of BSE. American Journal of Public Health, 5(72), 498-499. 

Hall, D. C., Adams, C. K., Stein, G. H., Goldstein, M. K., Stephenson, H. S., & Pennypacker, H. S. (1980). Improved detection of human breast lesions following experimental training. Cancer, 46, 408-414.

Hall, D. C., Goldstein, M. K., & Stein, G. H. (1977). Progress in manual breast examination. Cancer, 40, 364-370.

Hilt, G. (1990). Selbstuntersuchung der brust: So nehmen sie den frauen dïe angst. Arztliche Praxis, 75(18), 20-21. 

Hilt, G. (2005). Bessere infos, mehr früherkennung. Ärztliche Praxis Gynäkologie, 6, 22.

Hilt, G. (2006). Frauen zur Selbstkontrolle motivieren. Ärztliche Praxis Gynäkologie, 5, 24.

Jacob T.C., Penn N.E., Giebink J., & Bastien R. (1994). A comparison of breast self-examination and clinical examination. Journal of the National Medical Association, 86(1), 40-45.  

Kotke, T. E., & Trapp, M. A. (1998). Implementing nurse-based systems to provide American Indian women with breast and cervical cancer screening. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 73(9), 815-823. 

Leight, S. B., Deiriggi, P., Hursh, D., Miller, D., & Leight, V. (2000). The effect of structured training on breast self-examination search behaviors as measured using biomedical instrumentation. Nursing Research, 49(5), 283-289. 

Madden, M. C., Hench, L. L., Hall, D. C., Pennypacker, H. S., Adams, C. K., Goldstein, M. K., & Stein, G. H. (1978). Development of a model human breast with tumors for use in teaching breast examination. Journal of Bioengineering, 2, 427-435.

McDermott, M. M., Dolan, N. C., Huang, J., Reitler, D., & Rademaker, A. W. (1996). Lump detection is enhanced in silicone breast models simulating postmenopausal breast tissue. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 11, 112-114.  

McDermott, M. M., Dolan, N. C., & Rademaker, A. W. (1996). Effect of breast-tissue characteristics on the outcome of clinical breast examination training. Academic Medicine, 71, 505-507. 

McDonald, S., Saslow, D., & Alciati, M. H.. (2004). Performance and Reporting of Clinical Breast Examination: A review of the literature. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 54(6): 345-361. Retrieved June 2, 2005 from http://caonline.amcancersoc.org/cgi/content/abstract/54/6/345

Mehn, M. A., Goldstein, M. K., & Pennypacker, H. S. (2001). Women with disabilities learn proficient breast self-examination using Adaptive MammaCare. Proceedings of the Conference Promoting the Health and Wellness of Women with Disabilities. San Antonio, TX, August 2-5, 1999. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  

Mehn, M. A., Goldstein, M. K., Pennypacker, H. S., Kanuck, K. T., & Thomas, S. J. (2002). Women age 50 and older who are blind or visually impaired learn proficient skill-based breast self-examination. Proceedings of the Fourth Meeting of National Leaders in Women’s Health Research [Successful Aging: Women’s Health and Well-being in the Second 50 Years], University of Florida, Health Science Center, March 9-11, 2001, Gainesville, Florida. 

O'Malley, M. S. (1993). Cost-effectiveness of two nurse-led programs to teach breast self-examination.  American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 9(3), 139-145.

Pennypacker, H. S. (1991). Perspective on manual breast examination. Administrative Radiology Journal, 10(7), 33-36. 

Pennypacker, H. S., Bloom, H. S., Criswell, E. L., Neelakantan, P., Goldstein, M. K., & Stein, G. H. (1982). Toward an effective technology of instruction in breast self-examination. International Journal of Mental Health, 11(3), 98-116 [Reprinted in: Public education about cancer (1982). UICC Technical Report Series, 72(5), 498-499].

Pennypacker, H. S., & Iwata, M. (1990). MammaCare: A case history in behavioural medicine. In D. Blackman & H. Lejeune (Eds.), Behavior analysis in theory and practice: Contributions and controversies (pp. 259-288). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates.  

Pennypacker, H. S., Naylor, L., Sander, A. A., & Goldstein, M. K. (1999). Why can't we do better breast examinations? Nurse Practitioner Forum, 10(3), 122-128. 

Pennypacker, H. S., & Pilgrim, C. A. (1993). Achieving competence in clinical breast examination. Nurse Practitioner Forum, 4(2), 85-90. 

Pilgrim, C. A., Lannon, C., Harris, R. P., Cogburn, W., & Fletcher, S. W. (1993). Improving clinical breast examination training in a medical school: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 8, 685-688. 

Pinto, B. M. (1993). Training and maintenance of breast self-examination skills. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 9(6), 353-358.

Pinto, B., & Fuqua, W. (1991). Training breast self-examination: A research review and critique. Health Education Quarterly, 18(4), 495-516. 

Saslow, D., Hannan, J., Osuch, J., Alciati, M. H., Baines, C., Barton, M., Bobo, J. K., Coleman, C., Dolan, M., Gaumer, G., Kopans, D, Kutner, S., Lane, D., Lawson, H., Meissner, H., Moorman, C., Pennypacker, H., Pierce, P., Sciandra, E., Smith, R., & Coates, R. (2004) Clinical breast examination: Practical recommendations for optimizing performance and reporting. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 54(6), 327 -344. Retrieved February 22, 2005 from  http://caonline.amcancersoc.org/cgi/content/abstract/54/6/327?etoc 

Saunders, K. J., Pilgrim, C. A., & Pennypacker, H. S. (1986). Improved proficiency of search in breast self-examination. Cancer, 58, 2531-2537.

Smith, R. L., Hanchak, N. A., Bloom, H., Leibfreid, D., Xuan, S., & Schlackman, N. (1996). The effectiveness of postgraduate education on the clinical breast examination skills of primary care physicians. American Journal of Managed Care, 2, 989-995. 

Somkin, C.P. (1993). Improving the effectiveness of breast self-examination in the early detection of breast cancer. Nurse Practitioner Forum, 4(2), 76-84. 

Stephenson, H. S., Adams, C. K., Hall, D. C., & Pennypacker, H. S. (1979). Effects of certain training parameters on detection of simulated breast cancer. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2(3), 239-250.

Stratton, B. F., Nicholson, M. E., Olsen, L. K., Mahoney, B. S., & Warland, R. H. (1994). Breast self-examination proficiency: Attitudinal, demographic and behavioral characteristics. Journal of Women's Health, 3(3), 185-195.

Thomas, R.G., et al. (1981). Computer aided instruction of breast self-examination. Annals of the World Association for Medical Informatics, 1, 19-22.

Trapp, M.A., Kottke, T.E., Viekrant, R.A., Kaur, J.S., & Sellers, T.A. (1999). The ability of trained nurses to detect lumps in a test set of silicone breast models. Cancer, 86, 1750-6.

Worden, J. K., Solomon, L. J., Flynn, B. S., Costanza, M. C., Foster, R. S., Jr., Dorwaldt, A. L., & Weaver, S. O. (1990). A community-wide program in breast self-examination training and maintenance. Preventive Medicine, 19(3), 254-269. 

Yang, Jui-Chen. (2007). The effects of a breast self-examination education program in Taiwanese women: A triangulation study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. National Taiwan University.

UNC References

Fletcher, S. W., O'Malley, M. S., & Bunce, L. A. (1985). Physicians' abilities to detect lumps in silicone breast models. Journal of the American Medical Association, 253, 2224-2228.

Fletcher, S. W., O'Malley, M. S., Earp, J. L., Morgan, T. M., Lin, S., & Degnan, D. (1990). How best to teach women breast self-examination. Annals of Internal Medicine, 112(10), 772-779.

Pennypacker, H. S., Naylor, L., Sander, A. A., & Goldstein, M. K. (1999). Why can't we do better breast examinations? Nurse Practitioner Forum, 10(3), 122-128.

 

Lump Display References

1. By Accident

Foster, R. S., Lang, S. P., Costanza, M. C., Worden, J. K., Haines, C. R., & Yates, J. W.  (1978).  Breast self-examination practices and breast cancer stage. The New England Journal of Medicine, 299, 265-270.

2. Infrequent Breast Self-Examination

Feldman, J. G., Carter, A. C., Nicastri, A. D., & Hosat, S. T. (1981).  Breast self-examination: Relationship to stage of breast cancer at diagnosis. Cancer, 47, 2740-2745.

Foster, R. S., Lang, S. P., Costanza, M. C., Worden, J. K., Haines, C. R., & Yates, J. W. (1978).  Breast self-examination practices and breast cancer stage. New England Journal of Medicine, 299, 265-270.

Greenwald, P., Nasca, P. C., Lawrence, C. E., Horton, J., McGarrah, R. P., Gabriele, T., & Carlton, L. (1978).  Estimated effect of breast self-examination and routine examinations on breast cancer mortality. New England Journal of Medicine, 299, 272-273.

3. Regular Breast Self-Examination

Feldman, J. G., Carter, A. C., Nicastri, A. D., & Hosat, S. T. (1981).  Breast self-examination: Relationship to stage of breast cancer at diagnosis. Cancer, 47, 2740-2745.

Foster, R. S., Lang, S. P., Costanza, M. C., Worden, J. K., Haines, C. R., & Yates, J. W.  (1978).  Breast self-examination practices and breast cancer stage. New England Journal of Medicine, 299, 265-270.

Huguley, C. M., & Brown, R. L. (1981). The value of breast self-examination.  Cancer, 47, 989-995.

4. Conventional Clinical Breast Examination

Foster, R. S., Jr., & Worden, J. K.  (1992, October 11-13).  Clinical breast examination and breast self-examination. Past and present effect on breast cancer survival.  Paper presented at the American Cancer Society Workshop on Guidelines and Screening for Breast Cancer, Pasadena, California.

Hicks, M. J.,  Davis, J. R., Layton, J. M., et al. (1979).  Sensitivity of mammography and physical examination of the breast for detecting breast cancer. Journal of the American Medical Association, 242, 2080-2083.

5. MammaCare

Bloom, H. S., Criswell, E. L., Pennypacker, H. S., Catania, A. C., & Adams, C. K. (1982).  Major stimulus dimensions determining detection of simulated breast lesions. Journal of Perception and Psychophysics, 32, 251-260.

Campbell, H. S., Fletcher, S. W., Lin, S., Pilgrim, C. A., & Morgan, T. M. (1991).  Improving physicians’ and nurses’ clinical breast examination: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 7(1), 1-8.

Toth, N. (1987).  Pathology report. Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA.